{"id":30907,"date":"2025-05-07T08:48:09","date_gmt":"2025-05-07T05:48:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migrant.uz\/?p=30907"},"modified":"2025-05-07T08:50:33","modified_gmt":"2025-05-07T05:50:33","slug":"migrantlarning-ukrainaning-rossiya-tomonidan-bosib-olingan-hududlariga-borishi-va-ishlashi-qanday-oqibatlarga-olib-kelishi-mumkin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migrant.uz\/uz\/migrantlarning-ukrainaning-rossiya-tomonidan-bosib-olingan-hududlariga-borishi-va-ishlashi-qanday-oqibatlarga-olib-kelishi-mumkin\/","title":{"rendered":"Migrantlarning Ukrainaning Rossiya tomonidan bosib olingan hududlariga borishi va ishlashi qanday oqibatlarga olib kelishi mumkin?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rossiya ijtimoiy tarmoqlari va ko\u2018chalarida Ukrainaning vayron bo\u2018lgan shaharlarida, xususan, Mariupol va Donetskda ishlash haqidagi e\u2019lonlar tobora ko\u2018payib bormoqda. Natijada Markaziy Osiyo davlatlaridan kelgan muhojirlarning bir qismi Rossiya nazorati ostidagi bosib olingan hududlarga ishlash uchun keta boshladi. Ular bunga asosan, ko\u2018proq pul topish va Moskva kabi Rossiyaning yirik shaharlarida duch keladigan qiyinchiliklardan qochish umidida qo\u2018l uradi.<\/p>\n

2014-2022-yillarda Rossiya Qrimni, keyinroq 2022-yilda Ukrainaning to\u2018rtta viloyatini \u2013 Donetsk, Lugansk, Zaporoje va Xersonni bosib oldi. Moskva dunyoning aksariyat davlatlari tomonidan tan olinmagan bu hududlarda soxta referendumlar o\u2018tkazdi va ularni Rossiya Federatsiyasi tarkibiga kirgan deb e\u2019lon qildi. Biroq xalqaro hamjamiyat, jumladan, Markaziy Osiyo davlatlari bu harakatlarni tan olmadi. Shuning uchun xalqaro huquq nuqtai nazaridan bu hududlar Ukrainaga tegishli bo\u2018lib qolmoqda<\/a>.<\/p>\n

2025-yil boshida Rossiya vayron bo\u2018lgan hududlarga ishchi kuchini jalb qilish uchun imtiyozlar kiritdi. Masalan, migrantlarga mamlakatning boshqa hududlarida talab qilinadigan patentsiz ishlashga ruxsat berildi. Mariupol va Donetsk kabi shaharlarda mehnat qilayotgan muhojirlar sonining ortgani shu bilan izohlanadi.<\/p>\n

Salim Saidov (ismi o\u2018zgartirilgan) ishg\u2018ol qilingan hududlarga ikki marta ishlash uchun ketganlardan biri. Ilgari u Moskvada ishlagan, ammo polisiya tekshiruvlarining kuchayishi va doimiy bosim tufayli u Mariupolga ko\u2018chib o\u2018tishga qaror qilgan. U yerda do\u2018stlari bilan vayron bo\u2018lgan uylarni ta\u2019mirlash bilan band bo\u2018ldi. Birinchi oylarda ularga va\u2019da qilingan 200 ming rubl to\u2018langan, ammo keyin kechikishlar va to\u2018lovlar bilan bog\u2018liq muammolar boshlandi.<\/p>\n

Keyinroq yana pul topish ilinjida Donetsk viloyatiga bordi. Salimning aytishicha, bu hududlarda haqiqatan ham Markaziy Osiyodan, xususan, Tojikiston va O\u2018zbekistondan kelgan muhojirlar ko\u2018p. Ular asosan qurilish va ta\u2019mirlash bilan shug\u2018ullanadi. Ba\u2019zilar hatto «urush qachondir tugaydi, lekin uy qoladi» degan umidda arzon uy sotib olishadi.<\/p>\n

Salim u yerga sayohat qilish xavfli ekanini tan oldi: bu hududlarda muntazam ravishda portlashlar eshitiladi, qonunsizlik hukm suradi. Biroq, uning so\u2018zlariga ko\u2018ra, chegaradan o\u2018tishda pasportga muhr qo\u2018yilmaydi, shuning uchun ham qonunchilikda muammo bo\u2018lmaydi, degan umidda.<\/p>\n

Huquqiy xavflar<\/strong>
\nXalqaro huquqshunoslar Ukrainaning bosib olingan hududlariga borish jiddiy oqibatlarga olib kelishi mumkinligidan ogohlantirmoqda. Bu viloyatlar rasman Ukrainaning bir qismi hisoblanganligi sababli, Ukraina rasmiylarining ruxsatisiz ularga kirish chegarani noqonuniy kesib o\u2018tish deb hisoblanishi mumkin.<\/p>\n

Tojikiston qonunchiligiga (Jinoyat kodeksining 336-moddasi) ko\u2018ra, bunday qoidabuzarlik jarima yoki hatto ikki yilgacha qamoq jazosiga sabab bo\u2018lishi mumkin. Ukrainada jarimadan uch yilgacha ozodlikdan mahrum qilish nazarda tutilgan.<\/p>\n

Bundan tashqari, huquq himoyachilarining qayd etishicha, agar muhojir u yerga jang qilish uchun emas, balki, masalan, quruvchi yoki farrosh bo\u2018lib ishlash uchun borgan taqdirda ham, bu ishg\u2018ol rejimini qo\u2018llab-quvvatlash sifatida ko\u2018rish mumkin. Ba\u2019zi hollarda bunday harakatlar harbiy jinoyatlarda ishtirok etish bilan barobar bo\u2018lishi mumkin.<\/p>\n

Huquq himoyachisi Valentina Chupikning fikricha, bosib olingan hududlarda oddiy ish ham jinoiy javobgarlikka olib kelishi mumkin. Uning aytishicha, shu yo\u2018l bilan muhojirlar urush natijasida o\u2018rnatilgan noqonuniy hokimiyatni mustahkamlashga yordam bermoqda.<\/p>\n

Hukumatning sukuti<\/strong>
\nMarkaziy Osiyo davlatlari, jumladan Tojikiston, O\u2018zbekiston va Qirg\u2018iziston rasmiylari ishg\u2018ol qilingan hududlarga borishning xavfi haqida rasmiy ogohlantirishlar bermagan. Ular bir necha bor o\u2018z fuqarolarini mamlakat tashqarisida harbiy harakatlarda qatnashmaslikka chaqirgan bo\u2018lsalar-da, Qrim, Donetsk yoki Xersonga sayohat qilishning huquqiy maqomi borasida aniq tushuntirish berilmagan.<\/p>\n

Tojikistonlik xalqaro huquqshunos Faridun Saidzodaning ta\u2019kidlashicha, hudud maqomini o\u2018zgartirish faqat xalqaro miqyosda tan olingan jarayon \u2013 kuzatuvchilar nazorati ostida halol referendum, barcha tomonlarning roziligi va xalqaro huquq normalariga rioya qilish orqali mumkin. Ukraina hududlariga kelsak, bu sodir bo\u2018lmadi, ya\u2019ni xalqaro huquq nuqtai nazaridan bu yerlar Ukraina hududi bo\u2018lib qolmoqda.<\/p>\n

Uning fikricha, Markaziy Osiyo davlatlari o\u2018z fuqarolarini bunday hududlarga borish bilan bog\u2018liq xavflar haqida rasman ogohlantirishi kerak. Bunday ogohlantirishlar bo\u2018lmaguncha, migrantlar nafaqat sog\u2018lig\u2018ini, balki erkinligini ham xavf ostiga qo\u2018yib, mojaro zonasiga borishda davom etaveradi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rossiya ijtimoiy tarmoqlari va ko\u2018chalarida Ukrainaning vayron bo\u2018lgan shaharlarida, xususan, Mariupol va Donetskda ishlash haqidagi e\u2019lonlar tobora ko\u2018payib bormoqda. Natijada Markaziy Osiyo davlatlaridan kelgan muhojirlarning bir qismi Rossiya nazorati ostidagi bosib olingan hududlarga ishlash uchun keta boshladi. Ular bunga asosan, ko\u2018proq pul topish va Moskva kabi Rossiyaning yirik shaharlarida duch keladigan qiyinchiliklardan qochish umidida qo\u2018l uradi. 2014-2022-yillarda Rossiya Qrimni, keyinroq 2022-yilda Ukrainaning to\u2018rtta viloyatini \u2013 Donetsk, Lugansk, Zaporoje va Xersonni bosib oldi. Moskva dunyoning aksariyat davlatlari tomonidan tan olinmagan bu hududlarda soxta referendumlar o\u2018tkazdi va ularni Rossiya Federatsiyasi tarkibiga kirgan deb e\u2019lon qildi. Biroq xalqaro hamjamiyat, jumladan, Markaziy Osiyo davlatlari bu harakatlarni tan olmadi. Shuning uchun xalqaro huquq nuqtai nazaridan bu hududlar Ukrainaga tegishli bo\u2018lib qolmoqda. 2025-yil boshida Rossiya vayron bo\u2018lgan hududlarga ishchi kuchini jalb qilish uchun imtiyozlar kiritdi. Masalan, migrantlarga mamlakatning boshqa hududlarida talab qilinadigan patentsiz ishlashga ruxsat berildi. Mariupol va Donetsk kabi shaharlarda mehnat qilayotgan muhojirlar sonining ortgani shu bilan izohlanadi. Salim Saidov (ismi o\u2018zgartirilgan) ishg\u2018ol qilingan hududlarga ikki marta ishlash uchun ketganlardan biri. Ilgari u Moskvada ishlagan, ammo polisiya tekshiruvlarining kuchayishi va doimiy bosim tufayli u Mariupolga ko\u2018chib o\u2018tishga qaror qilgan. U yerda do\u2018stlari bilan vayron bo\u2018lgan uylarni ta\u2019mirlash bilan band bo\u2018ldi. Birinchi oylarda ularga va\u2019da qilingan 200 ming rubl to\u2018langan, ammo keyin kechikishlar va to\u2018lovlar bilan bog\u2018liq muammolar boshlandi. Keyinroq yana pul topish ilinjida Donetsk viloyatiga bordi. Salimning aytishicha, bu hududlarda haqiqatan ham Markaziy Osiyodan, xususan, Tojikiston va O\u2018zbekistondan kelgan muhojirlar ko\u2018p. Ular asosan qurilish va ta\u2019mirlash bilan shug\u2018ullanadi. Ba\u2019zilar hatto «urush qachondir tugaydi, lekin uy qoladi» degan umidda arzon uy sotib olishadi. Salim u yerga sayohat qilish xavfli ekanini tan oldi: bu hududlarda muntazam ravishda portlashlar eshitiladi, qonunsizlik hukm suradi. Biroq, uning so\u2018zlariga ko\u2018ra, chegaradan o\u2018tishda pasportga muhr qo\u2018yilmaydi, shuning uchun ham qonunchilikda muammo bo\u2018lmaydi, degan umidda. Huquqiy xavflar Xalqaro huquqshunoslar Ukrainaning bosib olingan hududlariga borish jiddiy oqibatlarga olib kelishi mumkinligidan ogohlantirmoqda. Bu viloyatlar rasman Ukrainaning bir qismi hisoblanganligi sababli, Ukraina rasmiylarining ruxsatisiz ularga kirish chegarani noqonuniy kesib o\u2018tish deb hisoblanishi mumkin. Tojikiston qonunchiligiga (Jinoyat kodeksining 336-moddasi) ko\u2018ra, bunday qoidabuzarlik jarima yoki hatto ikki yilgacha qamoq jazosiga sabab bo\u2018lishi mumkin. Ukrainada jarimadan uch yilgacha ozodlikdan mahrum qilish nazarda tutilgan. Bundan tashqari, huquq himoyachilarining qayd etishicha, agar muhojir u yerga jang qilish uchun emas, balki, masalan, quruvchi yoki farrosh bo\u2018lib ishlash uchun borgan taqdirda ham, bu ishg\u2018ol rejimini qo\u2018llab-quvvatlash sifatida ko\u2018rish mumkin. Ba\u2019zi hollarda bunday harakatlar harbiy jinoyatlarda ishtirok etish bilan barobar bo\u2018lishi mumkin. Huquq himoyachisi Valentina Chupikning fikricha, bosib olingan hududlarda oddiy ish ham jinoiy javobgarlikka olib kelishi mumkin. Uning aytishicha, shu yo\u2018l bilan muhojirlar urush natijasida o\u2018rnatilgan noqonuniy hokimiyatni mustahkamlashga yordam bermoqda. Hukumatning sukuti Markaziy Osiyo davlatlari, jumladan Tojikiston, O\u2018zbekiston va Qirg\u2018iziston rasmiylari ishg\u2018ol qilingan hududlarga borishning xavfi haqida rasmiy ogohlantirishlar bermagan. Ular bir necha bor o\u2018z fuqarolarini mamlakat tashqarisida harbiy harakatlarda qatnashmaslikka chaqirgan bo\u2018lsalar-da, Qrim, Donetsk yoki Xersonga sayohat qilishning huquqiy maqomi borasida aniq tushuntirish berilmagan. Tojikistonlik xalqaro huquqshunos Faridun Saidzodaning ta\u2019kidlashicha, hudud maqomini o\u2018zgartirish faqat xalqaro miqyosda tan olingan jarayon \u2013 kuzatuvchilar nazorati ostida halol referendum, barcha tomonlarning roziligi va xalqaro huquq […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":30908,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[64,86,67,246,3,74],"tags":[3065,100,621],"class_list":["post-30907","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-category-newsworld","category-opinion","category-category-newsrus","category-novosti","category-news","category-law","tag-muhojirlar","tag-rossiya","tag-ukraina"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMigrantlarning Ukrainaning Rossiya tomonidan bosib olingan hududlariga borishi va ishlashi qanday oqibatlarga olib kelishi mumkin? - Migrantlar uchun axborot-xizmat portali - 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